Maltese Falcon Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Maltese Falcon Book - Essay Example It is a story distributed during the 1930s. Brigid O’Shaugnessy selects Sam Spade to get an age-old hawk from the isle alluded to as Malta. Spade works for Joel Cairo, and as he works for him, he searches for the winged animal just as his partner’s killer. He shields himself from police’s charges, and his associate’s wife’s propels. In an extreme confrontation with every included gathering, Spade uncovered the winged animal and the executioner. This audit targets examining the dominating topic in the volume and how the creator clearly explains and depicts the idea of individuals permitting voracity to control the activities throughout their life (Lombardi, p.2). This police volume delineates changed disparate parts of the male just as female characters. It investigates the ideas of the criminologist type and the different characteristics of womanliness just as manliness. It portrays subjects of sexual wants and the voracity for cash. The characters, just as the visual theme in the play, add to the making of the plot and helps in building up an investigator and sexual classification situated film. The obligations of guys and females are introduced in disparate habits in, the Maltese Falcon, to introduce the interesting reasons for masculinity and womanliness between the characters. This volume is a subset of the unusual sort. As delineated in the volume, the killings in the volume are unfathomably enlivened, the plots absolutely fake, and the characters sadly two-dimensional, fakers and cardboard sexual accomplices, and paper Mache scoundrels and police officers of wonderful and unrealistic culture. This is a reasonable lack of definition fiction. In this volume, Hammett uses language, symbolism just as portrayal to interface the story near authenticity. What's more, the creator uses non-literal dialect, hint, flashback, cautioning, just as comparison (Hammett, 57). The mention in the account makes it intriguing. Cautioning lic enses the peruser to conjecture what will happen later in the volume. The metaphor presents the peruser an away from of the characters in the volume. The pivotal part to the progression of the account is lack of clarity since it licenses Spade to propel the disparity just as the plot by drawing in the peruser into the story. It is a story written in a casual tone instilled with sayings in a sudden clear style from an intentional perspective. In this volume, Hammett has additionally used slang language that is unmistakable to a solitary social association; the black market guilty parties, just as the police. The story uses a play of bewildering oppositional qualities in a portion of its classifications (Turner, p.23). As introduced in the volume, Hammett saves the haziness type by returning it to this present reality. This is an amazingly engaging and top notch volume. The Maltese Falcon presents an individual agent who is persuaded to unravel the riddle circling a dark enameled wing ed animal alluded to as the Maltese Falcon. Sam Spade, the noteworthy hero of the account, is likewise delineated as the hard-bubbled analyst. Sam Spade is definitely not a charming respectable man on the legitimate side. He is a character with an edge. The creator portrays him as a light Satan. Spade is a disguised eye who can be as degenerate as the following man of his word yet in addition holds to his own individual code of honorability. The complexities of the account

Music Appreciation Test 1 Essay Example

Music Appreciation Test 1 Essay Example Music Appreciation Test 1 Paper Music Appreciation Test 1 Paper Paper Topic: Verse In the melody Hallelujah! From Messiah, monophony is utilized to pass on that There is one God The number11 in Didos Lament alludes to Treachery A move starting with one degree of volume then onto the next in Baroque music is called Patio Dynamics the most punctual drama took their plots from folklore or history Which of the accompanying melodic gadgets isn't utilized in the First development of Bachs Cantata no. 140 wachet auf (sleepers wakeful) recitative the inexact dates of the Baroque time frame were 1600-1750 which of the accompanying best portrays socio-political arrangement of the Baroque Era? Total Monarchy the prevailing fondness utilized in the tune Hallelujah! From Messiah is best named Grandness covering sections of the subject in a fugue are known as a Stretto The gathering of early Baroque author, craftsmen, and artists whose point was to restore the melodic show of antiquated Greece known as The Florentine Camerata In the Chorus Hallelujah! from the Messiah, the realm of this world diverged from the realm of our master is critical in light of the fact that - utilizes terraced elements to show which realm is increasingly significant - utilizes word painting to speak to these realms - utilizes an exceptional melodic style to speak to that one of the realms presently manages the other The regulation of the Affections expresses that A whole piece or enormous segment of a piece should just think about fondness short, repeating instrumental section, found in the florid concerto is known as a Ritornello An entertainer of unprecedented specialized capacity is alluded to as a virtuoso In the Baroque Era, a writer would be destined to utilize the style of to set sincerely critical bits of a vocal performance Aria the fundamental subject of a fugue is known as the Subject In Bachs Cantata no. 140, Wachet auf (Sleepers, Awake), the chorale tune is heard set against a countermelody in which development? development 4 George Frideric Handel was viewed as an ace of the(genre) Show Which of the accompanying writers was conceived in Germany, headed out to Italy to examine drama, yet spent quite a bit of his/her vocation in England Handel the type of the aria segment of Didos Lament from Purcells Dido and Aeneas is best depicted as Ostinato Aria A segment of a fugue where the primary subject isn't heard is called an scene the initial development of Spring (Primavera) from The Four Seasons is in structure Ritornello the bigger gathering of instruments in a Baroque concerto grosso is known as a. Pipieno or Tutti the elaborate arranger who was likewise a prestigious vocalist was Barbara Strozzi the volume changes dependent on the performing powers utilized (delicate, medium, noisy) without unpretentious degrees between levels in extravagant music are known as terraced dynamic which kind is best depicted as a short multi development work for vocalists, chorale and instrumentalists dependent on a book of either sacrosanct or mainstream nature Cantata explicit, short melodic thoughts might be utilized to invigorate explicit feelings is known as The Doctrine of Figures A will be an elaborate congregational psalm of the German Lutheran Church. chorale In the melody Hallelujah! from Messiah, standard is utilized to speak to time everlasting the Florentine Cameratas thoughts on music drove legitimately toward the advancement of Show the type of Handels Rejoice Greatly! is best depicted as da capo during the Baroque time frame the expressed that there ought to be no fast, outrageous changes of feeling in a bit of music Tenet of Affections a kind of execution bunch utilized in most Baroque music is the Basso Continuo which two instruments would have been well on the way to play the basso continuo in the florid territory? Cello and harpsichord the content of a drama is known as the Libbretto the quantity of players expected to play out a rococo basso continuo is two the Water Music by Handel is best portrayed as a (type) suite the initial development of Bachs cantata no. 140, Wachet auf (sleepers, conscious) is best depicted as(form/class) Chorale capriccio the Baroque performer who was unordinary for being admitted to an institute of learned people was Barbara Strozzi what alludes to practice of breaking harmonies into isolated notes to draw out the sound Style Brise the performance gathering of instruments in a concerto grosso is called concertino another term for ground bass is basso ostinato on which epic sonnet did nahum tate base the lyrics for Purcells drama Dido and Aeneas? Virgils Aeneid What number of players are important to accurately play out a trio sonata four 2 play bass continuo - 1 play bass - 1 play song the chorale is a sort of psalm tune made by Martin Luther Melodic pictorialization of words from a book is known as word painting the bigger gathering of instruments in a Baroque concerto grosso plays the Ritornello the best local English writer of the extravagant period was Henry Purcell chorale tunes were adjusted from Gregorian serenade common workmanship music the is a polyphonic structure wherein at least one topics are created in imitative contrast Fugue Bachs last exhibit of contrapuntal authority was the. craft of fugue the florid period saw another style of music, which highlighted a solitary vocal tune with backup known as Monody the philosophical reason for the Doctrine of Affection was the possibility of the intensity of music to impact the circulatory framework the propensity to esteem the abstract, passionate, and elated is know as Dionysian A will be a virtuosic solo entry in the way of an impromptu creation. cadenza the propensity to esteem reason, the goal, a request is best called Apollonian who is best seen as the primary ace of drama? monteverdi Dido sings her renowned regret in purcells drama Dido and Aeneas not long previously. she kicks the bucket the term florid most likely gets from the significance deformed pearl the most famous console instruments of the florid time were the Organ and Harpsichord the main development of a florid concerto is regularly founded on technique or structure ritornello a multi development work dependent on the resistance of one player against a bigger gathering is a. solo concerto male artist who was fixed during childhood to protect his high voice was a castrato which of coming up next is a lot of forty-eight prefaces and fugues by Bach The Well Tempered Clavier J.S. Bach was generally popular in his day as an entertainer on the Organ Melodic style described by numerous notes sung to a solitary book syllable is called Melismatic the term accompagnato (rather than secco) depicts recitative in which the entire symphony goes with An instrumental section that repeats over and over, as a hold back in an aria, is known as a. ritornello which of the accompanying pieces is a case of program music Spring from the Four Seasons by Vivaldi which of coming up next is well on the way to be a syllabic in style? recitative the initial area of a fugue wherein the principle subject is heard is called an composition the harpsichord is unique in relation to the piano in light of the fact that strings are culled instead of pounded a hornpipe is an english move a short expression rehashed again and again in the bass is additionally called a basso ostinato or ground bass which was not a supported console instrument of the Baroque time? the piano overwhelming, driving musicality that doesn't ease up is known as the. moto perpetuo an operatic melody in the structure ABA, which considers the soloist to decorate the last area is known as a. da capo aria what is a term demonstrating a cleanse of the feelings? purge drama is best comprehended as a dionysian amusement a - was a sort of english noble diversion consolidating music, verse, and move masque vivaldi composed his concertos for the entertainers at the ospedale della pieta who were juvenile young ladies a rehashing song, typically in the bass, all through a bit of music is known as a basso ostinato what number of voices or individual lines are there in J.S. Bachs contrapunctus I from the craft of fugue? four mourets rondeau is best viewed as a (kind) development from a set-up of moves the contrapuntal gadget that presents the subject spelled from end to starting (in reverse) is known as retrograde the contrapuntal gadget that presents the subject spelled from topsy turvy is known as. reversal what are the melodic figures or case of word painting utilized by Handel in Rejoice Greatly high note on yell melismas long notes on harmony huge interims on extraordinarily In the theme Hallelujah! from Messiah, The realm of this world stood out from the Kingdom of our Lord is critical in light of the fact that - utilizes terraced elements to show which realm is increasingly significant - utilizes word painting to speak to these realms - utilizes a unique melodic style to speak to that one of the realms presently controls the other what are ostinato types of the florid period - basso ostinato - passacaglia - ground bass - chaconne what positions bached hold during his lifetime - cantor of St. Thomass Church in Leipzig - court organist and chamber performer to duke of weimar - court performer to the sovereign of Anhalt-Cothem What are gadgets utilized in Didos Lament - chromatic basso ostinato to represent melancholy or grieving - melodic drop on laid in earth to depict internment - rehashed notes on recall me! to

Capstone Project Writing Services in Canada

Capstone Project Writing Services in CanadaWhen you are thinking about writing an essay for your Capstone Project, there are many different ways to go about doing this. You may choose to write the essay by yourself or use an online course. The only thing that needs to be done is to learn the steps for your Capstone Project essay and then follow the proper steps in completing your Capstone Project assignment. This article will give you some of the best tools for you to use when writing your Capstone Project.First of all, when you are thinking about Capstone Project writing services in Canada, you need to know that you will need to follow certain rules to make sure that you are on the right track. The first step that you will need to do is to start with a topic or a theme for your Capstone Project essay. This is something that is going to be very important as you are trying to focus your writing on a topic. This is something that you should think about because there is always something that comes up in your mind that you want to write about. With these suggestions you will be able to have a theme that you can base your writing around.Another thing that you will need to know when you are writing Capstone Project writing services in Canada is that you need to write with the idea of how your students will react to your writing. There is no reason why you should not write a Capstone Project that is centered around an actual event that your students will be affected by. This is the best way that you can actually let them see and feel what it will be like to be involved in your project. Doing this will help to make the writing process easier as well as making the students feel that they are really making a difference in the world.One thing that you can do when you are writing Capstone Project writing services in Canada is to make sure that you take the time to get all of your ideas organized. You will need to make sure that all of your concepts are in place so that you can be able to run smoothly with your project. Making sure that all of your projects are organized will make it much easier for you to work on your project.You will also need to keep your Capstone Project essays organized so that you can be able to move through them easily. You will want to create a space where you can categorize your ideas so that you can be able to jump from one category to another. It is very important to use this space effectively because this will make it easy for you to jump from one section to another.Finally, you will need to take advantage of the opportunities that you have with writing services in Canada. You will be able to find a lot of resources that you can use to help you. You can use the brainstorming software that is available online to help you as well as writing classes that can help you develop a good structure for your writing. You will want to take advantage of all of these things so that you will be able to successfully complete your Capstone Project assignment.Now that you know some of the tools that you can use when you are writing Capstone Project writing services in Canada, you will want to take all of these steps seriously. This is something that you need to think about because it is going to help you to be able to properly do the work that you need to do. Taking this step is going to help you be able to get the best results possible.Capstone Project writing services in Canada is something that is going to help you get a good grade for your college or university. This is something that is going to make it easier for you to get accepted for your college or university so that you can continue on with your life. These are the tools that you need to use to help you get these benefits.

The Tale Of The Endless Conflict - 1699 Words

Amanda Stevenson Dr. Brasher PO 415 29 November 2016 The Tale of the Endless Conflict INTRODUCTION The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a sector of the Arab-Israeli conflict. At large, it is the result of misunderstandings and inactions. This conflict has been greatly influenced and altered by the opinions and movements made by outsiders, specifically international powers such as the United States. Those states have both helped and hurt the situation; moreover, the attempts of exterior mediation have ultimately furthered the extremes of both the Israelis and the Palestinians. In more aspects than one, Israel has been the victor of the conflict, not because they have won, but because they have repeatedly taken charge and taken what they wanted. At times, that has meant complete abandon of authoritative orders. The Palestinians, on the other hand, have been mostly reserved during the conflict. That has resulted in their land being overtaken and their wishes being ignored. While both groups have been wronged to a certain degree, neither has taken clear steps to reconciliation. The st eps taken have all been completely one sided. Key themes surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict include the effect of World War I decisions on the polarity of the region, the idea of nationalism both internally and externally, as well as the influence of the Cold War on Israeli-Palestinian relations. Despite all the failures, there is still hope for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to beShow MoreRelatedThe Negligence Of The Villain1374 Words   |  6 PagesJust as it is mandatory to have a hero, a fairy tale without a villain will create an ineffective plot. The negligence of the villain’s role/importance demonstrates our society’s ethics. The judgemental views of society, creates an impression that good will always emerge as the victors. This is caused by the fact that individuals within society has a different criteria of deciding what is â€Å"good† and what is â€Å"evil†. As a result their minds are structured through pure bias. The so called â€Å"heroes† orRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare881 Words   |  4 Pageshate, and with haste he includes deliberation. In Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare employs the help of dualities in order to create a story with many opposing components. These components are what produce the tragedy, comprising into a spinning tale of romance, hatred and misfortune. The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is a love story doomed from the beginning. It is based around the feud of two families, the Montagues and the Capulets. However, the unthinkable occurs and a Montague’s son and aRead MoreYou Can t Spell Alcoholic Without846 Words   |  4 Pagesis slowly deteriorating both his life and his family. 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The conflict is brought to a simple effort of getting information for the scouts side of the fight. Still the readers are giving little to no background â€Å"He was a young man, not more than twenty-four or five, and he might have sat his horse with the carelessRead MoreScientific Progression in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Film, Blade Runner1184 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is an early 19th century cautionary tale examining the dark, self-destructive side of human reality and human soul. It is written in the Romantic era where society greatly valued scientific and technological advancement. Throughout the novel, Shelley expresses her concerns of extreme danger when man transgresses science and all ethical values are disregarded. T he implications of debatable experimentation and thriving ambition could evoke on humanity are explored in the

Observation Of A Child Observation - 1428 Words

I went to the Gracepoint Church’s Fall Fest on Halloween eve. Many interactive booths were prepared for the children, such as ring toss, dance floor, fishing for rubber dolphins, bean bag toss, beading station, and face painting. I hid behind my roommate who was working at the face painting booth that night. The location was perfect because of the high chairs at the booth gave me an easy view of the families in line and the children at the face painting station. I focused this observation on one pair of siblings, whom I will refer to as Jane (5 years old) and John (6 years old). Most children were impatiently waiting in line with their parents, including Jane and John. The two children discussed profusely what painting they wanted on their†¦show more content†¦I understood this phenomenon as John remembering his sister’s attempts at getting on the chair before and judging that he could not get on the chair by himself. There are four sources of information that individuals employ to judge their efficacy: enactive experience, verbal persuasion, physiological reaction, and vicarious influences (Zimmerman, p. 228). According to the idea of vicarious influences, people can develop high or low self-efficacy indirectly through other people’s performances. John saw someone similar to him fail, which decreased his self-efficacy to climb onto the high chair. â€Å"It’s my first time getting my face painted!† Jane said. As my roommate approached Jane with the paintbrush, Jane immediately started to ask many questions about the entire painting process. Jane also wanted to touch the paint, the wet sponge, my roommate’s keychains, and anything my roommate had that Jane was not familiar with. At one point Jane wanted to paint her face by herself. Jane was seeking new things, and trying to incorporate the new things into her understanding of the world (Ormond, p. 310-311). In order to make sense of these new things, she was interacting with her physical environment (Piaget, 1952b; as cited in Ormond, 2003). She was also intrinsically motivated (Mattingly, 2017) to improve her understanding of the world of face painting which she had never experienced before. John was curious about everythingShow MoreRelatedObservation Of Child Observation1798 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Subject â€Å"Chris† is a 7 year old middle class Caucasian male. Observation is taking place in the child’s home over the course of two separate afternoons. Chris is a friendly and well spoken child who is small for his age. Chris is the youngest child in his family and both observations take place while his siblings are home. In each case one or both parents are absent. First Hour of Observation The first hour of observation takes place on a Saturday afternoon. Chris is in his living room withRead MoreObservation Of Child Observation1096 Words   |  5 PagesFor this child observation, I decided to observe my younger brother Jacob. Jacob is 5 years old, but he insisted that I write that he is almost 6. He is also in kindergarten this year and loving every second of being a loud, rowdy boy. I suppose I am at an advantage in this observation since I have seen the numerous developments in Jacob’s life thus far. Jacob is a loud, rambunctious, and wild child. As he is the youngest child, he demands attention from everyone else and when he does not getRead MoreObservation Report For Child Observation1557 Words   |  7 PagesEach child sat down individually with the researcher the day after to read out the words they have learnt. They were shown pages of books and asked if they could identify the words from the text. They were also asked to create a sentence using these words. The Memorization and Mixed Method approach showed that 8 out of 16 children (50%) had a full score in reading the sight words â€Å"see, â€Å"give†, â€Å"have†, â€Å"feel† and â€Å"like†. 5 out of 16 children scored more than 2 but less than 5. The remaining 3 outRead MoreObservation Infant Child Observation1809 Words   |  8 PagesOn October 16, 2017, I observed in the infant room from 8:30 a.m. until 11:00 a.m.. The child I observed was a female and just turned eight months old. Indicators given by the child during the observation, show that the child is progressing at a normal developmental pace and even excelling in other areas. Through observing her, I noticed her motor skills were excelling beyond what was expected. She was pulling herself up and standing. I would often notice her attempting to walk after she was standingRead MoreObservation Report On Child Observation1411 Words   |  6 PagesWe observed Joaquin in his home in the living ro om of his home. His mother, younger brother, and younger sister were all there. They interacted with Joaquin during the observation. There were times that the children interacted with Caitlin and me, but for the most part we just observed them interact with each other. Observation Summary I brought a couple activities for Joaquin and his siblings to do while we observed him. I brought a pumpkin, hammer, and golf tees for them to pound them into theRead MoreChild Observation928 Words   |  4 PagesChild Observation I recently observed a child involved in two different types of activities, at different times of the day. The first activity was Teacher-Initiated, and the second Child-Initiated. The purpose of this observation is to compare and contrast the childs development and behavior between the two different contexts. Through observation I found that although both activities were rich in challenge and learning opportunity, the childs behavior is different, but demonstratesRead MoreChild Observation2060 Words   |  9 PagesObservation of Young Childre I conducted my observation of young children assignment at the Learning and Play Preschool and Daycare. Learn and Play is located in Michigan. Their slogan is â€Å"Where We Cherish Your Children.† Their program offers child care with a preschool experience that helps build each child’s self-esteem and prepares them for school. Lean and Play strives to aid in a child’s overall development through nurturing, positive guidance, developmentally appropriate practice and playRead MoreChild Observation2911 Words   |  12 Pagescurriculum very seriously. Not only is it important that we understand the basic guidelines for a lesson plan, we also need to be knowledgeable of the developmental and learning theories as well. These theories will help us to understand the way a child learns mentally and physically. Once we fully understand the concepts of early education we can then take them to the classroom and apply them to our students. Back in the 1900 s a woman by the name of Patty Hill created a curriculum for kindergartenRead MoreChild Observation Paper1083 Words   |  5 PagesChild Observation Paper After observing a nine month old child for this Child Observation paper, the author of this paper has taken copious notes during the session. The purpose of this paper is recognizing the biological, cognitive and psychosocial development of the child. The author of this paper identified the background history of the child, the observation made and the development process of the child. BACKGROUND The child chosen for this child observation paper is a nine month old maleRead MoreChild Observation Paper1294 Words   |  6 PagesChild Observation Paper Jason Betts Pacific Oaks College November 12, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss and review my observation of a 7 year old African American male who is being raised by his grandmother (45 year old Bi-racial female who has 9 children of her own; 7 of the children are still in the house). During my observation of â€Å"Jackson†, I focused on the following domains of child development: * Physical * Cognitive * Social * Emotional I applied Attachment

How Background and Upbringing Effect a Child, Especially...

In the first few pages of Wild, it describes the present being of strayed but is quickly followed by flashbacks to her past. These flashbacks are a reminder of how the story has reached the point where it opened, on the Pacific Coast Trail (PCT). This book is more than a memoir recounting just her hike up the western coast; it is a story of her life’s journey. It explains how who she presently is directly determined by who she used to be. Each step on the trail is another step forward in her growth. Her challenges in her youth created background to give her strength and independence on the PCT. Her beat the odds mentality instilled in her during her upbringing gave her the will to successfully finish the hike and more importantly find the†¦show more content†¦Instead they explain how he blamed his father’s leaving as the reason for him never being a good person with a good set of ethics and morals. To extent it is fair to say that the morals of one father was d ifferent than the others but as Cheryl Strayed puts it in Wild, â€Å"The father’s job is to teach his children how to be warriors, to give them the confidence to get on the horse to ride into battle when it’s necessary to do so. If you don’t get that from your father, you have to teach yourself.† (Part 4) Yes, there is some responsibility for a father to act appropriately, but it is not a justifiable excuse for a child without a father to say they cannot do the same things as a child with an engaged father. Strayed proved that in her own journey because in taking the Hike on the PCT she was recognizing she could no longer excuse her lapses in character or her lack of paternal care. Strayed wasn’t doing drugs because of her father never being there, she was doing drugs because she felt that was what people without father who cared did. However If Strayed wanted to change she didn’t need a father. By stopping and changing the course of her li fe Strayed proves the defeated Wes wrong and confirms the claim that it was not the actions of another during her up bringing that affected her being a good person, but her reaction to the actions of another in her youth that impacted how she thought and went about life, always

Crew Resource Management (2056 words) Essay Example For Students

Crew Resource Management (2056 words) Essay Crew Resource ManagementCrew Resource Management : The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team and when they are working together it is less likely therell be an accident. INTORDUCTION : BackgroundThe cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error cant be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced.Purpose/AudienceThis report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program.SourcesSources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University and Kalamazoo, Michigan.ScopeTeamwork and communication are a critical factor in the crews operation of aircraft. Accidents can be prevented when these two factors are considered. COLLECTED DATA : Importance of Communication among the CrewPeople communicate to each other every day. From a kids talking to their parents abouttheir report card, to doctors working in an operating room. In order for us to understand one another we must be clear in what we say. For instance, if a doctor tells a nurse to pull a certain plug on a machine, hed better be clear on what he says or the nurse might end up harming a patient. Likewise, the cabin and flight crew must work together. In a typical cockpit the flight crew is very busy and they need to be well organized to handle the many tasks they perform. They need to communicate properly and clearly for safe operations, if they dont their actions could result in a tragedy.Main Cause of Aircraft AccidentsMechanical problems and technical malfunctions do contribute to aircraft accidents, but human error is the main cause, accounting for 65% of the accidents (FAA News, 1996). This figure is quite high, and if it were possible to reduce human error the accident rate would drop significantly. Accidents that occur because of human error are not a direct result of just one error but of a chain of errors. The human error chain results when one bad decision leads to another which leads to the accident. The question is, how can we reduce human error in the cockpit? Studies have shown that most incidents could have been prevented if communication and leadership skills were improved. Duties of Crew MembersIn order to have a clear understanding of whos involved in the crew, these positions with their duties will be discussed. There are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members theres no flight engineer. (This is to reduce costs). The Captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC). He/she has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibility rest on his/her shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain in his/her duties, like calculating fuel consumptions, weight and balance, navigation etc. He/she is Second in Command (SIC). The Flight Engineer helps reduce the work load of the Captain and Co-pilot. Some of his/her duties may include fuel consumption rate, weight and balance and communicating with the cabin crew. The cabin crew consists of the Flight Attendants. Dubliners (1330 words) Essay After all they too are a part of the team.Trusting the Crews JudgmentTrusting each others judgment is a necessity. Without it, how can the crew work together? The Captain must be able to trust that his/her crew is performing their duties properly and vise/versa. Besides having authority the Captain is also the leader. He/she is the one when emergency situations arise pulls the crew together to work as a team even when they dont know each other. A true leader is willing to listen to others, be respectful and be able to take command. Crew Resource Management (CRM)A program called Crew Resource Management (CRM) has been developed to help implement this leadership, communication and decision making skills in crew members. Since the main cause of accidents is due to human error it is hoped that through CRM training crew members will communicate and work together more effectively. CRM is not required by the FAA, but it is recommended. Many airlines are having their crews go through this training and they look highly on pilots who not only posse the technical skills but also the people skills.Outline of CRM TrainingIn years past emphasis was put on the technical, stick and rudder aspects of flying. In recent years it has become evident that these skills by themselves are not enough, but that training in people skills is needed. That is what CRM is about. It provides crews training in1. Communication2. Decision making3. Assertiveness4. Leadership/Followership5. Teamwork6. Task Delegation7. ManagingCrew members going through CRM training will attend classroom instruction, watch videos and participate in role playing on these subjects (FAA- AC, 1995).LOFT TrainingBecause crews rarely work together more than once and dont have time to build a commodity, using the Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) simulator crews practice managing a cockpit with members theyve never met (Chute Wiener I,1996). This simulator is like virtual reality. Pilots sit in a cockpit where the windows are where the video screen is, all the buttons and knobs work. (Pilot has come out of these LOFT simulators sweating, because what theyve just experienced seemed so real). In LOFT crews can fly routes and have emergency situations come up, like an engine failure, deteriorating weather, and navigation problems. The benefit about LOFT is that its a simulator, theres no danger involved and yet the crew still learns (Helm Reich, 1996). Crews going through LOFT training are evaluated on how well they handled the different situations, communication with each other and task delegation. These training sessions are videotaped so the crew can debrief afterwards how well they did and what they need to change.Organize Resources and PrioritiesCrew members are not only leaders but also managers. They must be able to use their time and resources wisely. Theres only so many tasks that one person can handle and be efficient at the same time. Thats why Captains need to know when to delegate duties and when to notice that another has too many. Also, they need to prioritize, know what duties are the most important and when they need to be done. This is all part of being a leader and manager.CONCLUSIONHuman error is the main cause of aircraft accidents, and its a chain of errors that sets the accident into motion. Poor flight and cabin crew communication does exist. A program called Crew Resource Management has been developed to improve teamwork, proper task delegation, communication and trust among the crew. Interpretation of the Findings the need for crew communication is evident. When crews dont work together their performance level is low and this is when they are vulnerable to accidents. Programs like CRM are very helpful in instilling these principles and breaking the bad habits. Poor attitudes and habits cant be changed overnight. Thats why there is a need for recurrent CRM training. Communication and teamwork is the key to safe and effective operations. Theres no I in CREW but there is WE